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Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD - €) of institutions of higher education execution sector by Type of subsystems and Scientific and technological domain; Annual
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| 2016 | PT: Portugal | T: Total | 1 068 139,6 | 992 565,3 | 883 689,3 | 108 876,1 | 75 574,2 | 63 329,0 | 12 245,2 | | 1: Natural sciences | 287 150,5 | 282 035,5 | 269 779,9 | 12 255,6 | 5 115,0 | 4 681,0 | 433,9 | | 2: Engineering and technology | 232 064,7 | 227 411,5 | 197 878,8 | 29 532,7 | 4 653,2 | 4 019,6 | 633,5 | | 3: Medical and health sciences | 145 340,5 | 132 891,0 | 114 654,5 | 18 236,6 | 12 449,5 | 9 262,1 | 3 187,4 | | 4: Agricultural sciences | 33 028,8 | 31 871,1 | 25 858,2 | 6 012,9 | 1 157,8 | 1 049,9 | 107,8 | | 5: Social sciences | 221 792,9 | 184 604,9 | 152 712,5 | 31 892,3 | 37 188,1 | 31 592,4 | 5 595,7 | | 6: Humanities | 148 762,1 | 133 751,3 | 122 805,4 | 10 946,0 | 15 010,7 | 12 724,0 | 2 286,8 | | 7: Not specified | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD - €) of institutions of higher education execution sector by Type of subsystems and Scientific and technological domain; Annual - MCTES/GPEARI, R&D survey - institutions sector | | Note(s): | | (1) In 2008, there is a series break, due to the process of articulation of information of R&D with the monitoring system of higher education teachers, this sector includes the R&D activities of teachers (not reported by R&D centers). In 2013, there is a new series break, due to the reclassification of some Private non-profit institutions in to Higher Education sector. Also in 2013, data on human resources in R&D by function reflect a series decline compared to previous years due to the revision of R&D personnel categories. The categories of researcher, technician and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed within R&D activities, according to ISCO classification criteria, rather than being defined solely by the level of academic qualification. This review has resulted in an increase in staffing in the categories of technicians and other R&D support staff to the detriment of researchers. In 2016, the "Personnel Expenditure" and "Other Current Expenses" data reflect a series break compared to previous years due to the re-appropriation in this last item of expenditure on external R&D staff in the units/enterprises according to the recommendations of the Frascati Handbook (2015). This series break, however, does not affect the annual comparability of total R&D expenditure. | | (2) Data on human resources in R&D and expenditure on R&D since 2009 were revised as a consequence of a diverse interpretation of concept of researcher comparing to originally used. This revision increased the international comparability of the data as well as the comparability with the remaining years of the national time series (initiated in 2008). |
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This data last updated:september 28, 2018
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