August 2023 (definitive estimates):

• The active population (5,286.4 thousand people) increased from July and May 2023 (0.1%, in both) and from August 2022 (1.7%).

• Similarly, the employed population (4,950.1 thousand) also increased from the three periods under comparison: 0.1%, 0.2% and 1.4%, respectively.

• The unemployed population (336.3 thousand) remained practically unchanged from the previous month, having decreased from three months before (0.7%) and increased from a year earlier (6.3%).

• The unemployment rate stood at 6.4%, the same value as in the previous month and in May 2023, but up 0.3 pp from a year earlier.

• The inactive population (2,403.0 thousand) decreased from the three periods under comparison: 0.2%, 0.2% and 2.3%, respectively.

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 11.7%, up 0.1 pp from the previous month, remaining unchanged from three months before and up 0.2 pp from one year earlier.

September 2023 (provisional estimates):

• The active population (5,287.3 thousand) remained almost unchanged from August 2023, having increased by 0.3% from June 2023 and by 1.6% from September 2022.

• The employed population (4,943.7 thousand) decreased by 0.1% both from the previous month, having increased by 0.2% from three months before and by 1.2% from a year earlier.

• The unemployed population (343.6 thousand) increased from August (2.2%) and June 2023 (2.7%) and from September 2022 (7.5%).

• Similarly, the unemployment rate, that stood at 6.5%, has also registered an increase from August and June 2023 (0.1 pp in both) and from September 2022 (0.4 pp).

• The inactive population (2,402.5 thousand) remained almost unchanged from the previous month, decreased from three months before (0.6%) and from one year earlier (2.1%).

• The labour underutilisation rate stood at 11.7%, the same value as in the previous month and in May 2023, having increased by 0.3 pp from the same month of 2022.